Scio-demographic Determinants of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study from Gadaref State

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains a major public health problem in Sudan, particularly in Gedaref State. Understanding the socio-demographic determinants of VL is essential for designing effective control strategies. This study aimed to investigate the association between VL infection and socio-demographic factors such as age, sex, marital status, education level, and occupation in an endemic region of eastern Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 individuals suspected of VL infection in Gedaref State. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and blood samples were tested using the rK39 rapid diagnostic test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Of the 208 participants, 51 tested positive for VL. No statistically significant associations were found between VL infection and gender (P = 0.71), age group (P = 0.17), or place of residence (P = 0.17). Although no statistically significant associations were found, the persistence of VL cases in endemic regions like Gedaref highlights the need for continuous epidemiological monitoring. Further studies with larger sample sizes and consideration of environmental and behavioral risk factors are recommended