Calciphylaxis in A Patient with Chronic Renal Failure: Report of A Libyan Patient and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Calciphylaxis is a rare, life‑threatening disorder characterized by systemic arteriolar calcification, tissue ischemia, and painful ulceration, most commonly affecting patients with end‑stage renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. We report the first documented case of calciphylaxis in Libya: a 54‑year‑old man with chronic renal failure on long‑term hemodialysis, who developed large painful ulcers on both calves. Laboratory findings revealed markedly elevated parathyroid hormone levels, while histopathology confirmed epidermal necrosis, vascular calcification, and ischemic fat necrosis. The patient responded to local wound care, systemic antibiotics, and debridement. This case highlights the importance of considering calciphylaxis in the differential diagnosis of chronic renal failure patients presenting with painful leg ulcers. Prompt recognition and aggressive management of mineral metabolism are essential to improve outcomes and reduce mortality associated with this devastating condition.