Morphological Evaluation of the Ovary in Relation to Estrogen and Progesterone Production in Ewe Lambs in Western Libya

Abstract

Ovarian development and the onset of puberty have a significant impact on sheep reproductive efficiency. It is essential to comprehend the connection between steroidogenesis and ovarian activity in order to enhance breeding.  In local ewe lambs (Ovis aries) bred in western Libya, this study aimed to assess the morphological features of the ovary in relation to serum concentrations of progesterone and estrogen. Ovaries and matched blood samples were collected from healthy ewe lambs (n = 50) slaughtered at local abattoirs across western Libya. Ovarian length, width, and thickness were measured. Serum estrogen and progesterone levels were quantified using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows version 26. All parameters were reported as mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD). The results showed that the dimensions between the right ovaries were not significantly different from those of the left. The comparative analysis of progesterone and estrogen hormonal profiles across the three weight groups showed a positive correlation but no statistically meaningful variation. The overall ovarian activation rates across right (RT) and left (LT) ovaries differ between the three different weight groups. clearly show an increased trend as weight increases, with no statistically significant association between body weight category and ovarian activity. Ovarian morphometric parameters serve as reliable macroscopic indicators of systemic estrogen and progesterone output in Libyan ewe lambs. These baseline morphological and endocrine data give valuable insights into early reproductive maturity and can inform selective breeding programs to optimise reproductive throughput in small ruminants in western Libya.