Influence of Extraction Method and Leaf Age on Genomic DNA Quality in Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L)

Abstract

Rosmarinus officinalis L. Salvia rosmarinus L. (syn. Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is well known for its varied pharmacological qualities and rich phytochemical content. The secondary metabolites such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils are largely responsible for its biological use. Furthermore, studies of genetic variety are essential for plant improvement programs, which lead to an increase its pharmaceutical value. However, the high concentration of polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other secondary metabolites in rosemary makes DNA extraction difficult task. In order to separate genomic DNA from young and mature rosemary leaves, this study compared the effectiveness of CTAB and SDS extraction techniques. Spectrophotometric ratios (A260/A280 and A260/A230) were used to assess the quality and purity of DNA. The results of this study showed that in terms of DNA yield and purity, the CTAB approach performed noticeably better than the SDS method. High-quality DNA was extracted using CTAB from young leaves; A260/A280 values ranged from 1.84 to 1.95 (average = 1.91), indicating excellent purity. On the other hand, the purity of DNA isolated from old leaves using CTAB method clearly lower but still adequate (1.71–1.81). In both leaf types, the SDS method produced lower-quality DNA with lower purity ratios and overall efficiency. Finally, the CTAB method provides an efficient way to acquire high-quality genomic DNA appropriate for subsequent molecular applications, especially when used to young rosemary leaves