Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children with Febrile Seizures: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Febrile seizures (FS) are common in children aged 6 months to 6 years, with potential links to iron deficiency. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among children with FS at Alkadra Hospital. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. Children (6 months–6 years) diagnosed with FS per American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines were included, excluding those with neurological/metabolic disorders or developmental delays. Data on demographics, seizure characteristics, and hematological parameters (Hb, MCV, MCH, serum ferritin) were collected via questionnaire and laboratory analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with *p* ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Among 39 FS cases (mean age 27.11 months), 77% were aged 12–36 months, with a male predominance (62%). Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (87%) were most common, primarily triggered by urinary tract infections (43.6%). Mean Hb was 11.09 g/dl (50% <11 g/dl), MCV 74.08 fl (18% <70 fl), and serum ferritin 69.75 ng/ml (36.8% <30 ng/ml). Low Hb, MCV, and ferritin levels were statistically significant (*p* = 0.001). Iron deficiency was prevalent in children with FS, suggesting a potential association. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship and the role of iron supplementation in FS prevention